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Dominance of lateral over axial sedimentary fill in dryland rift basins

Alexandra M. Fordham, Colin P. North, Adrian J. Hartley, Stuart G. Archer and Gail L. Warwick
Petroleum Geoscience, 16, 299-304, 1 August 2010, https://doi.org/10.1144/1354-079309-906
Alexandra M. Fordham
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Colin P. North
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Adrian J. Hartley
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Stuart G. Archer
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Abstract

ABSTRACT Facies models for continental rift basins suggest longitudinal (axis-parallel) fluvial activity dominates sediment transport and deposition. In contrast, modern basins in the arid to semi-arid northern Basin and Range Province, USA, show axial drainage development to be characterized by short endorheic systems that contribute little to the basin fill. Mapping and calculation of the proportionate distribution of surficial facies of three representative basins at different stages of rift evolution show that basin fill is dominated by the deposits of transverse catchments, and axial fluvial deposits are restricted to a narrow corridor by the progradation of lateral systems. Drainage integration in these dryland rifts is limited by the moisture-stressed climate, with a resultant reduction in stream power, and the complex, tectonically-induced physiography, which limits potential drainage pathways. River systems that flow through multiple structural basins are rare, restricted to those systems with catchment headwaters lying outside the dryland climatic regime.

These data imply that long-range, axial fluvial deposits should not automatically be included as a significant part of dryland rift sedimentary facies models. Sediment routing pathways in ancient dryland rift systems may be much shorter than commonly predicted, so affecting the spatial distribution of lithofacies. Climate, therefore, has a much stronger control on drainage and lithofacies at all stages of rift development than is generally stated.

KEYWORDS
  • rift basins
  • facies evolution models
  • arid environments
  • rivers
  • fluvial sediments
  • red beds
  • © 2010 EAGE/Geological Society of London
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Petroleum Geoscience: 16 (3)
Petroleum Geoscience
Volume 16, Issue 3
August 2010
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Dominance of lateral over axial sedimentary fill in dryland rift basins

Alexandra M. Fordham, Colin P. North, Adrian J. Hartley, Stuart G. Archer and Gail L. Warwick
Petroleum Geoscience, 16, 299-304, 1 August 2010, https://doi.org/10.1144/1354-079309-906
Alexandra M. Fordham
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Colin P. North
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Adrian J. Hartley
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Stuart G. Archer
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Gail L. Warwick
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Dominance of lateral over axial sedimentary fill in dryland rift basins

Alexandra M. Fordham, Colin P. North, Adrian J. Hartley, Stuart G. Archer and Gail L. Warwick
Petroleum Geoscience, 16, 299-304, 1 August 2010, https://doi.org/10.1144/1354-079309-906
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • INTRODUCTION
    • DRAINAGE CHARACTERISTICS IN THE BASIN AND RANGE
    • LITHOFACIES DISTRIBUTION IN THE BASIN & RANGE
    • DISCUSSION
    • CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
    • Acknowledgments
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