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Workflows for incorporating stratigraphic and diagenetic relationships into a reservoir-analogue model from outcrops of Miocene carbonates in SE Spain

Gregory S. Benson, Evan K. Franseen, Robert H. Goldstein and Zhaoqi Li
Petroleum Geoscience, 20, 55-78, 27 January 2014, https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2013-008
Gregory S. Benson
ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co., PO Box 2189, Houston, TX 77252, USA
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Evan K. Franseen
University of Kansas, Department of Geology, 1475 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Robert H. Goldstein
University of Kansas, Department of Geology, 1475 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Zhaoqi Li
University of Kansas, Department of Geology, 1475 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Abstract

A workflow is presented for constructing an outcrop-based static geological model for Miocene heterozoan, photozoan, oolitic and microbial carbonates in SE Spain. Fieldwork and LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data were integrated to create a photorealistic virtual outcrop. Field-based data are depicted on the virtual outcrop, and used to identify and correlate horizons. Multivariate regression is used to extend stratigraphic horizons away from the outcrop and to create realistic time-equivalent model layers. Mapping and measured stratigraphic sections are used to assign depofacies within model layers. Pinning points are used to reconstruct sea-level history, and palaeotopography is used to define palaeobathymetry. Geospatial analysis of depofacies occurrence is used to extrapolate facies while also enforcing palaeobathymetric controls on depofacies distribution. Dolomitization and meteoric calcite cementation are dominant diagenetic products affecting porosity and permeability. Their distribution was mapped in the field and amounts were quantified in the laboratory, and these were used to populate diagenetic products into geomodel cells. Six scenario models were built to represent different stages and combinations of diagenetic effects on porosity and permeability. Construction of the static geological models required the development of new methods. These include: (1) a new workflow to extend clinoform surfaces across the model area by fitting equations to horizon picks made on the outcrop; (2) a new workflow relating relative sea level to model layers to allow calculation of palaeo-water depth and relate that to facies probability; and; (3) an experimental application to predict porosity and permeability from objective visual descriptions of carbonate samples.

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Petroleum Geoscience: 20 (1)
Petroleum Geoscience
Volume 20, Issue 1
February 2014
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Workflows for incorporating stratigraphic and diagenetic relationships into a reservoir-analogue model from outcrops of Miocene carbonates in SE Spain

Gregory S. Benson, Evan K. Franseen, Robert H. Goldstein and Zhaoqi Li
Petroleum Geoscience, 20, 55-78, 27 January 2014, https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2013-008
Gregory S. Benson
ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co., PO Box 2189, Houston, TX 77252, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: gregory.s.benson@exxonmobil.com
Evan K. Franseen
University of Kansas, Department of Geology, 1475 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Robert H. Goldstein
University of Kansas, Department of Geology, 1475 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Zhaoqi Li
University of Kansas, Department of Geology, 1475 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site

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Workflows for incorporating stratigraphic and diagenetic relationships into a reservoir-analogue model from outcrops of Miocene carbonates in SE Spain

Gregory S. Benson, Evan K. Franseen, Robert H. Goldstein and Zhaoqi Li
Petroleum Geoscience, 20, 55-78, 27 January 2014, https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2013-008
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Depositional History
    • Diagenetic Controls
    • Preparation Of LiDAR Data for Use in Geomodelling Software
    • Producing a Photorealistic Interpretable Virtual Outcrop Model
    • Use of Paper Geological Maps and Hand-Drawn Measured Sections
    • Horizon Correlation Using the LiDAR Virtual Outcrop Model
    • Techniques to Constrain Extrapolation of Horizon Picks Away from the Outcrop Face
    • Creating Geologically Reasonable Geometries in Model Layers
    • Depositional Facies Interpretation Between Measured Sections
    • Pinning Points and Palaeotopography to Constrain Water Depth as a Control on Facies in Time-Equivalent Model Layers
    • Environment of Deposition Modelling
    • Palaeobathymetric Controls on Depofacies Distribution
    • Depofacies Property Modelling
    • Modelling of Diagenetic Regions and Trends
    • Estimating Reservoir Quality Descriptive Statistics of Original and Diagenetically Altered Rocks
    • Methods of Modelling Porosity and Permeability: Gradations of Original and Altered Properties
    • In-Place Volume Analysis
    • Static Connected-Volume Analysis
    • Summary
    • Acknowledgments
    • Appendix
    • References
  • Figures & Data
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